... that are correlated with our ERM test variable, and increase the power of our empirical tests. ³ enterprise risk management S&P ERM system ratings internal controls audit fees audit delay insurance industry This paper examines the relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM...

... if the quality of the NAS service is held constant. Most prior work has not been able to do this because the identity of the NAS provider is unknown unless it is the audit firm itself. Our analysis is based on firms in the property-casualty insurance industry that purchase an actuarial certification...

... is a Big 6 firm. ⁶ auditor liability accounting discretion insurance industry reserve management conservatism DeFond and Francis (2005 ) observe that the legal system affects auditor behavior and, by implication, audit quality, through the standard of care auditors must meet...