...Paul J. Miranti, Jr.; Deirdre M. Collier; Dan Palmon ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the Interstate Commerce Commission’s (ICC’s) application of accounting to achieve public policy goals for the U.S. railroad industry. The ICC began in 1887 with a mandate to ensure competition in the transportation...

... by a hypothetical median-income couple in each year, reporting our results using the Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR) and the Effective Tax Rate (ETR)—where the ETR includes both payroll and income taxes. 2021 wage taxation middle class income taxation payroll taxation public policy...